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Lymphoma is a type of cancer that originates in the lymphocytes, a type  of white blood cell. It can develop in the lymph nodes, spleen, bone  marrow, and other lymphatic tissues.

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There are two main types of lymphoma: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and  non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Both have distinct characteristics and  treatment approaches.

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In lymphoma, lymphocytes undergo genetic changes that cause them to grow  and multiply uncontrollably, forming tumors in the lymphatic system.

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Common symptoms of lymphoma include painless swelling of lymph nodes,  fatigue, unexplained weight loss, fever, night sweats, and itching.  However, symptoms may vary depending on the type and stage of the  disease.

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While the exact cause of lymphoma is often unknown, certain risk factors  can increase the likelihood of developing the disease, such as a  weakened immune system, certain infections, family history, and exposure  to certain chemicals.

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Diagnosing lymphoma involves a combination of physical examination,  imaging tests (e.g., CT scan, PET scan), and a biopsy to examine the  affected lymph nodes or tissues.

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Treatment for lymphoma depends on the type, stage, and overall health of  the patient. Common treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation  therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and stem cell transplant.

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The prognosis for lymphoma varies depending on the type and stage of the  disease, as well as individual factors. Early diagnosis and appropriate  treatment can lead to favorable outcomes.

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Research on lymphoma is ongoing, leading to advancements in  understanding the disease and developing new treatment options. Clinical  trials offer opportunities for patients to access novel therapies.